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Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Hesquiat Other, Ceremonial Items
Boughs used at girl's puberty potlatch to brush with sweeping motions and scare away bad influences.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Hesquiat Other, Fasteners
Rendered pitch used as a glue for arrows and harpoons before they were tied.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Hesquiat Other, Fuel
Knots used as fuel to keep the fire burning all night.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Hesquiat Other, Weapon
Sharpened knots used to make a weapon.
Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Hoh Fiber, Building Material
Timber used to make shakes, clapboards and framing timbers.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Hoh Fiber, Cordage
Limbs and roots shredded, pounded and used to make cord and rope.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Hoh Other, Toys & Games
Timber used to make toys.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kitasoo Fiber, Building Material
Branches used by hunters as shelter.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kitasoo Food, Dried Food
Inner bark cooked and dried for later use.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kitasoo Other, Protection
Prickly leaves used to discourage and repel animals.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 317
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Analgesic
Head struck with branches until it bled for headaches.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Antidiarrheal
Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Antidiarrheal
Decoction of roots used for diarrhea.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Cold Remedy
Bud extract taken for coughs and colds.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine
Bud extract or pitch and grease taken for coughs.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of pitch applied to boils, swellings, cuts and abrasions.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Disinfectant
Branches in house of sick person to prevent anything unclean from entering.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Kidney Aid
Compound poultice of boiled root bark applied to woman's kidney swellings.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl Drug, Other
Branch tips rubbed to cleanse person contaminated with menstrual blood.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Basketry
Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make baskets.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Basketry
Roots used to make baskets.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Clothing
Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make hats.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Clothing
Roots used to make hats.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Cordage
Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make ropes.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding
Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make mats.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Fiber, Sewing Material
Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used for 'sewing wood.'
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Candy
Pitch used as chewing gum.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 293
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Fasteners
Roots burned, dried, split and used as strings to tie nets, hooks and harpoons together.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Roots burned over a fire, freed from rootbark, dried, split and used to make fish nets.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Sacred Items
Branch tips used as sacred items.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of plants used to 'take out bad blood.'
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Drug, Dermatological Aid
Compound poultice of ashes applied to infant's navel.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Pitch used as a stomach medicine.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Drug, Pediatric Aid
Compound poultice of ashes applied to infant's navel.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Drug, Strengthener
Decoction of plants used as a strengthening bath.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Food, Candy
Pitch chewed as gum for pleasure.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Food, Candy
Pitch used as chewing gum.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Food, Unspecified
'Little cones' and buds used for food.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Food, Unspecified
Young shoots eaten raw.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Other, Fasteners
Pitch used as glue to repair items such as harpoons.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Makah Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Warmed pitch used to protect the harpoon point.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 17
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Fiber, Basketry
Roots soaked, split in quarters and used to make sturdy pack baskets.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Fiber, Basketry
Split roots used for basketry.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Fiber, Caulking Material
Pitch used to fill cracks and knot holes in canoes.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches used ceremonially to initiate the children.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches used in winter dances and to make traditional costumes for initiation ceremonies.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Other, Fasteners
Roots used for binding gaff implement joints.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Pitch used as a protective coating for fishing spears and whaling harpoon heads.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make the longer prong in the two pronged salmon harpoon.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.
Sitka Spruce
USDA PISI
Nitinaht Other, Paint
Pitch used like shellac on harpoons. The pitch was ignited and caught with a mussel shell as it melted. The whale hunter's entire family would join in and chew the pitch until it was the right consistency. Then the hunter would put the pitch on his harpoon, smooth it over and then burn off the excess. Finally, he would shine it until it was smooth like shellac.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 234